考过GMAT的同学都知道，GMAT语法中的简洁性主要涵盖两大考点：wordy和redundant。今天我们主要来说说redundant的错误以及出题的陷阱如何避免。

一、什么叫redundant?

两个词语表达了同样的意思，发生语义的重复，就是所谓的redundant的错误。它虽然归类到简洁性的考点，但是确实一个实用性非常强的绝对化的错误，学生只要发现，就可以马上进行大胆的排除!

二、考试陷阱如何规避?

陷阱一：GMAT往往为了提高redundant考点的难度，有时候会把两个redundant的词汇放的位置距离比较远，利用障眼法让我们发现不了这个问题，很多同学就会凭单纯的语感，盲目错选。

例题如下：

Possible long-term consequences of the "greenhouse effect," the gradual warming of the Earth's climate, may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level.

A may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level

B may include the melting of polar ice caps and the rising sea level

C may include polar ice caps that are melting and sea levels that are rising

D include melting the polar ice caps and sea levels that are rising

E include melting of the polar ice caps and a rise in sea level

何平老师说 曾经有同学在这道题上花了10分钟的时间，然而并未发现redundant的错误。其实，很显然，句首的possible 和may是重复的，都是表达可能的意思，所以不能放在一句话中，那么排除AB选项;剩下DE选项，我们则根据平行结构的考点也可以排除。

这道题是一道非常典型的陷阱题，其实难度不大，但是往往会由于粗心，或者不知道出题的陷阱，而造成失分，这道题中的possible和may真的远的不能再远了!

陷阱二: GMAT考试中往往将表义重复的部分在形式上发生变化，试图迷惑考生，蒙混过关，但是我们做题的原则时刻不能忘记，只要含义发生重复，就要果断杀之!

例题如下：

It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other at close range.

A may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other

B may be caused by the interaction between two stars that each orbit the other

C are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other

D are caused by the interaction of two stars where each is orbiting the other

E are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other

何平老师说 这道题和上面题类似，AB两个选项也是因为maybe和句首的It seems likely 是redundant的错误被排除，虽然两者距离较远，但是还是要警惕这种情况。

最后，给大家留一道练习题加深一下理解吧(答案见评论)

Each year companies in the United States could save as much as $58 billion annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided offices with cleaner air.

A annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided

B annually if they prevented employee illness and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providing

C annually in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providing

D in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided

E by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improved worker performance if they simply provided

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